Portrait of Henry VIII (1491-1547)

After Hans Holbein (c1465-1524)

Disliking the failure of his nephew James V (son of Henry's sister Margaret Tudor who had married James IV of Scotland) to follow his example and break with the Roman Church, Henry VIII tried to claim the overlordship of Scotland.
When James died, Henry persuaded the Scots to agree to the marriage of the infant Mary, Queen of Scots to his son and heir, the future Edward VI.
When the Scots later repudiated the treaty, he sent his army north in the series of invasions known as "The Rough Wooing".